美国对台军售政策框架的形成及其影响

Formation and Influences of U.S. Policy Framework for Arms Sales to Taiwan

作为中美建交的历史遗留问题,美国对台军售政策在中美建交之后逐步形成一套综合平衡的政策框架。美国对台军售政策框架保证了美国对台军售政策的稳定性和长期性,是美国不定期实施对台售武的政策和法律依据。《与台湾关系法》、对台'六项保证'(非正式文件)、'里根秘密备忘录'和《八一七公报》构成美国对台军售政策的主要政策框架,此外还有一系列的法律文件、美国国会决议和政府声明构成整个政策框架。这是一个既矛盾又具内在逻辑的政策框架,具有很强的层次性。多年的实践表明,美国对台军售政策是一套在几重矛盾关系中维持战略平衡的政策框架,是美国对台'模糊战略'的具体表现。本文通过全面梳理该政策框架,厘清其间关系,引出其内在逻辑及矛盾,深入剖析美国对台军售政策的实质及其对中美关系的重要作用。

As a remaining historical issue of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States,U.S.policies on arms sales to Taiwan has gradually turned into a comprehensive and balanced policy framework after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States.Such a policy framework ensures the stability and long-term nature of U.S.policy on arms sales to Taiwan,and serves as the policy and legal basis for periodical arms sales to Taiwan by the United States.The Taiwan Relations Act,the Six Guarantees to Taiwan(non-paper),the Reagan Memorandum of Understanding,and the August 17th Communiquéconstitute the main body of US policy framework for arms sales to Taiwan.All these and a series of other legal documents,U.S.congressional resolutions and government statements constitute the entire policy framework.This is a contradictory and inherently logical policy framework with strong hierarchy.Many years’practice shows that U.S.policy on arms sales to Taiwan is a policy framework which maintains strategic balance among several contradictory relations,and it is a concrete manifestation of the U.S.'Indistinct strategy'towards Taiwan.The present paper comprehensively reviews the policy framework,clarifies the relationship,introduces its inherent logic and contradictions,and makes an indepth analysis of the essence of the U.S.policy on arms sales to Taiwan and its important role in Sino-U.S.relations.