假新闻泛滥对美国社会的影响、治理及其困境

Impact of the Spread of Fake News on American Society and Its Governance and Dilemma

假新闻在美国有着悠久的历史,从建国之初政敌之间'相互抹黑'的黑历史,到19世纪的'黄色新闻'浪潮,再到20世纪80年代末诞生的'洋葱新闻'恶搞风潮,假新闻阴魂不散,不断兴风作浪、危害社会,但都无法与2016年美国大选以来的假新闻狂潮相提并论。假新闻已成为美国社会公害,它们操纵公众舆论,传播歧视言论、散播仇恨与固化偏见,制造社群对立,四处煽风点火,并引发社会暴力行为。几十年来,美国社会的撕裂从未像现在这么严重。以美国假新闻泛滥为标本,深入分析假新闻的生成机制与演化逻辑,并在此基础上详细剖析假新闻泛滥对美国社会的影响、治理及其困境,不仅可以全面展现假新闻泛滥的复杂原因与背景,也有助于为假新闻治理提供全景式的理路与视角。

Fake news has a long history in the United States,from the black history of'mutual smearing'between political enemies at the beginning of the establishment of the country,to the wave of'yellow news'in the 19 th century,and to the'onion news'spoof that was born in the late 1980 s,the nightmare of fake news has never stopped,but they can’t be compared with the fake news frenzy since the 2016 U.S.election.Fake news has become a public hazard in the United States.They manipulate public opinion,promote discrimination,spread hatred and prejudice,and create community opposition,igniting the flames,and triggering social violence.For decades,the tear in American society has never been as serious as it is now.This paper uses the proliferation of fake news in the United States as a specimen to thoroughly analyze the formation mechanism and evolution logic of fake news.Based on this,it analyzes the influence of fake news flooding on American society,governance,and its predicament in detail,and tries to comprehensively display the complicated reasons and background of flooding of fake news in the United States.Its purpose is to provide a panoramic view and perspective of fake news governance.