新产业区的形成机制及其与传统空间组织理论的关系

New Industrial Districts' Developmental Mechanism and Comparative Analysis to Traditional Spatial Organization Theories

在新产业区概念和特征进行概括的基础上,归纳了产业区发展的一般过程,并重点对新产业区的形成机制及所具有的优势进行了探讨。地方化产业群及区域创新网络的形成是新产业区成熟的标志,知识外溢、经济外部性导致的收益递增,以及基于密切的内部联系引来交易成本的降低使新产业区获得了强大的经济竞争优势,新产业区的空间组织形式所具有的网络效应、创新效应和企业与地方文化的良好融合是经济竞争优势的根本。最后,对新产业区理论和传统的空间组织理论之间的关系进行了对比分析,总结了二者的之间的异同。

Geography has made a great progress in discovering the law of regional economic distribution and put forward many spatial organization theories,such as central place theory, laddershaped economic development theory, growth pole theory, poleaxis spatial system theory,and so on At the end of 1970th,geographers and other scientists advanced a new spatial organization theory,the new industrial district theoryScientists can use this theory to explain some phenomena about enterprises' conglomeration clearly This paper concludes 5 kinds of characters of the new industrial districts: global economy, networks, embedment in local social milieu, innovation, and clustersThen, this paper analyzes the mechanism of new industrial district's development in detail Based on the general development course of industrial districts, this paper stresses the potential of interfirm networks for innovation and development and points out that the emerging of steady networks is the symbol of the formation of industrial district The networks reflect interdependencies among firms and facilitate the rapid diffusion of new information and critical resources Embedment in local social milieu improves the degree of trust among firms, stuff and enterprisers From the economic view, external economies and increasing returns are the main cause of enterprises conglomeration in industrial districts and the local social milieu favors to decrease the transaction costsAt last, this paper analyzes the difference of new industrial districts theory and the traditional spatial organization theory