国外生态—经济系统整合模型研究进展

Overview on ecological-economic integration model research

生态—经济系统整合模型的研究将生态的、经济的、社会的以及生物物理模型整合在可持续发展框架中,考察生态系统与经济系统之间的相互作用和反馈关系,采用遥感与计算机建模技术,结合多种生态模型和计量经济模型,预测、模拟、优化生态—经济系统。它的研究范围从整个系统的管理和全球生命支撑系统的可持续性到自然资源和环境服务的可持续使用等等,为分析可持续发展而按照不同的论题建立不同的模型框架。生态经济整合模型的建立是今后生态经济学研究的一个最重要的侧面,生态经济学要想取得主流经济学的地位,必须应用整合的方法深入探索生态经济系统的复杂性和不确定性,真正解决实际问题,为生态与经济的正确决策提供依据。

An increased awareness of integrated ecological-economic models to understanding long-term and large-scale problems is evident in recent years.This paper presents a review of modeling approaches used in integrating economic and ecological aspects of environmental and resource and economic development problems.Although derived from a common linguistic root,ecology and economics vary greatly and are often conflicting disciplines,each with temporal and spatial frameworks that seem to preclude the concerns of the other.But economic and eco logical systems are interconnected in many ways with feedbacks and synergies.A monodisciplinary ap-proach can only provide partial analysis and undermines the complexity of ecological-economic systems.Modelling of ecological and economic systems is a complex,yet essential,task.Ecologi-cal economists must use an interdisciplinary approach to link existing models from dis parate disciplines.The improved modelling software and computer hardware have made at least the technical part of the task much easier.This paper views ecological-economic integra tion in the sense of combining processes,instead of one process and a variable.Sustainable economic and ecological systems require a fully integrated multidisciplinary model.The uses of models are un-derstanding,assessing,and optimizing of complex ecological-economic system.The modelling approaches reviewed in this paper reflect those characters.Three major topics are addressed.First the theoretic base of ecological-economic models is discussed.Next,the major methods used in ecological-economic models are summarized.Third-ly,sets of ecological-economic models about environmental and resource problems are de-scribed.