浙江省城乡中小学生伤害现况调查

A Cross-sectional Study on Injuries in Primary and Secondary School Students in Zhejiang Province

目的 了解浙江省中小学生伤害发生现况和常见伤害的种类及原因 ,为伤害干预提供依据。方法 选择浙江省 4个县区 ,采用分层整群抽样方法 ,问卷调查了 4 2 0 6 5名 7～ 18岁中小学生在过去 1年中的伤害发生情况。结果 1年内有 74 54人发生伤害 1110 3次 ,伤害总发生率为 2 6 .39% (城市 33.4 7% ,农村 2 0 .18% ) ,以 10～ 12岁年龄组伤害发生率最高 ( 30 .71% ) ,7～ 9岁组最低 ( 2 1.39% )。伤害前 5位分别是跌伤 ( 10 .52 % )、刀割伤 ( 3.71% )、碰撞伤 ( 3.4 9% )、动物咬伤 ( 1.30 % )和烫伤 ( 1.2 7% )。 4月到 8月间伤害发生率较高 ,主要发生在运动和玩耍时。伤害发生后 ,32 .34 %的病例去医院门诊 ,1.4 0 %的病例住院治疗。平均每例伤害需要休息 2 .35d ,活动受限 2 .87d ,缺课0 .55d ,家长陪同 1.2 0d,家长耽误工作 0 .79d ,需要医疗费用 10 9.98元。结论 伤害在中小学生中发生频率很高 ,对学生个人及其家庭和社会带来巨大负担 ,必须开展健康教育和健康促进活动 。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of injuries among primary and secondary school students and its risk factors, and to provide foundation for developing interventions. Methods In 4 counties of Zhejiang, 42 065 students aged 7 to 18 years, were selected with stratified cluster sampling. Their injury prevalence in the past year was surveyed with questionnaires.Results There were 7 454 pupils suffered from varied injuries in the past year. The overall incidence was 26.39% (33.47% for urban students and 20.18% for rural students), with a peak in primary school students aged 10～12 years (30.71%) . The leading causes of injuries were falls (10.52%), knife cutting (3.71%), collision (3.49%), biting by animals (1.30%) and scalds (1.59%). Most injuries usually occurred during April to August, especially in exercising and playing. After suffered from injuries, 32.34% of the total cases were treated in out-clinic and l.40% in in-clinic. In addition, medical expenses resulted from injury was 109.98 Yuan per capita. The occupations and education degrees of parents strongly affected the incidence of injuries of their kids. Conclusions Injuries are common among primary and secondary school students and seriously affect their health and family. Health education and health promotion are the important measures to prevent injuries.