河南省小麦赤霉病菌致病种的鉴定

Identification of Fusarium Species Causing Wheat Scab in Henan Province

从65个县市搜集了214份病穗标样,分离出241个小麦赤霉病菌株。经鉴定为禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum.)、半裸镰孢大孢变种(F.sernitectum var.majus)、燕麦镰孢(F.arenaceum)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme)、锐顶镰孢(F.acuminatum)和硫色镰孢(F.sulphureum)。禾谷镰孢为优势致病菌,占标样总数的98％,同一病穗上常常可以分离到两种镰孢。禾谷镰孢和燕麦镰孢的致病力强,其余的为中和弱致病种。致病菌种类与不同地域的分布,没有明显的关系。

During the epidemical year of wheat scab,241 isolates of Fusarium were isolated from 214 samples of scabbed head of wheat collected from 65 counties or cities in Henan Province. The result of identification indicated that pathogenic species were Fusarium graminearum, F. semitectum, F, semitectnm var. majus, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. acuminatum and F. sulphureum, among which F. grarmineasrum was the dominant species, occupying 98% of 239 isolates. Two species of Fusarium were isolated from one scabbed head frequently. F. graminearum and F. avenaceum were species with high pathogenicity; the rest species were weak pathogenicity or rare occurence. There is no significant difference of distribution among species.