黔桂边区侗族火灾防范习惯法研究

Dong’s Custom Law on Fire Protection in the Border Area of Gui Zhou and Guang Xi

世居于黔桂边界山区的侗族,木楼鳞次栉比,聚成山寨。木楼与木楼之间过道窄狭,陡滑难行。侗族有多处在高寒山区,平时多用木柴烤火,稍有不慎,很容易发生火灾,且救火也特别困难。历史上几乎每个村寨都发生过大小不同的火灾,所以防火工作是每个侗族村寨和家庭的头等大事。侗族传统'款约'有很多火灾防范及事后处理的规定,现今村规民约对火警、火灾也有较多的规定,很多村寨又有'消防公约'或'消防与森防村规民约'。基于传统的惩罚观念和民间禁忌,侗族村寨还保留'喊寨''扫寨'习惯活动。

Dong minority localizes in mountainous areas at the border of Guizhou and Guangxi.Wood buildings are in tight rows to form mountain villages.Asiles between wood buildings are so narrow,steep and smooth that people feel difficult to walk on them.Many places in Dong minority are in cold mountainous areas and people often nurse fire by woods.So it is easy to cause conflagration and once conflagration happens,firefighting will be very difficult.Almost every mountain village has experienced different conflagration.So fireproofing is the most important thing in every village and family in Dong minority.Many traditional clauses in Dong minority stipulate fireproofing and firefighting.Nowadays village regulations also stipulate them.And many villages have conventions about fire-fighting or village regulations and non-governmental agreements about fire-fighting and forest protecting.Base on traditional punishment ideas and folk taboos,villages in Dong minority retain custom activities as alert villagers and clean villages.