少数人习俗权利的法律推定

Legal Presumption of Minority Custom Rights

从习俗到习俗权利的法律推定,是指从法律事实'习俗'中推导出作为应有权利的'习俗权利',这既是从生活中已然的规范到法律中实然权利的推定,也是作为差别权利的推定。少数人习俗权利法律推定的理由在于习俗比法律更能有效地造就和维护少数群体的秩序,同时也能回应国际人权领域在少数人问题上的反思。能够进行法律推定的习俗既包括确立和实践少数文化群体共同道德的习俗,也包括构成少数人生活的习俗以及作为少数人独特文化组成部分的习俗。习俗权利的法律推定应当不悖离个人的基本权利和自由,与法律的管辖划分遵循'小麻烦'和'大麻烦'的分别治理模式。

The legal presumption from custom to custom rights refers to a kind of due rights-custom rights derived from legal fact"custom",which means a presumption from factual standard to real right as well as a presumption of differential rights.The reason why legal presumption of customary rights owned by minority is that customs can effectively create and maintain the order of minorities.Meanwhile,it can also reflect on the issue of minority rights in the field of international human rights.The practice of legal presumption includes not only the practice of establishing and practicing the common morality of minority cultural groups,but also the customs that constitute the minority’s life and the custom of being a unique cultural component of the minority.The legal presumption of customary rights should not deviate from the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual.The division of jurisdiction between custom rights and law follows the governance model of"small trouble"and"big trouble".