民法典编纂中的民事习惯:从事实到规范的转化

Civil Conventions in the Compilation of Civil Code:From Facts to Norms

民事习惯作为客观事实,具有普遍性、民族性、典型性以及客观性。现有民法典草案都赋予民事习惯补充性法源地位,但是相关规定还需进一步细化。民法典总则部分除概括性承认民事习惯的正式法源地位之外,还应该采取授权立法的方式,赋予地方人大对本区域民事习惯的立法认可权。这也就需要以地方人大为主体,认真组织地方民事习惯调查,出具民事习惯调查录,确认民事习惯的内容与形式,为司法机关援引民事习惯提供依据。新中国成立以来的第五次民法典编纂运动应该循序渐进,不应'跳跃式'立法,应该建立在对民事习惯系统考察的基础之上,实现民事习惯从事实到规范的转化。

As an objective fact,civil custom has universality,nationality,typicality and objectivity.The existing Civil Code has given civil law complementary legal status,but the relevant provisions need to be further refined.In addition to general recognition of the official source status of the civil custom,the General Provisions of the Civil Code should also give the local people’s congresses the power to legislate their civil custom in the region.This will also need to local people’s Congress as the main body and be careful to organize the investigation of local civil habits,confirm the content and form of civil habits,for the judiciary to invoke civil customs to provide the basis.Since the founding of new China,the fifth civil code compilation movement should be gradual,should not be"jumping"legislation and be based on the civil system of civil inspection on the basis of civil practice from the facts to the norms of transformation.