农村丧葬活动的自主治理机制考察——以沅水流域Z村的“抬丧”习俗为例

A Study of Funeral Activities’ Self-governance Mechanism in Rural Areas:Taking the Coffin-Carrying Custom of Z Village in the Yuan River Basin as a Case

就调整农村地区的丧葬活动而言,存在着三种社会治理规范,即国家法(硬法)、软法以及民间法。从实践中的情况来看,以土葬为核心的民间法实际规范着农村地区的丧葬活动,而以火葬为核心的国家法(硬法)和软法则很难发挥实效。通过对沅水流域Z村抬丧习俗的考察,可以得出民间法获得成功的原因。Z村的抬丧习俗由丧伕的产生机制与丧伕的决策机制两部分组成。这两种机制的形成与运作都坚持了'清晰界定边界''与当地条件相一致''集体参与''监督''冲突解决'以及'政府容忍'等原则,因而成功地实现了自主治理。在国家法(硬法)和软法的制定过程中,应当借鉴民间法的成功经验,从而更好地发挥社会治理功能。

There are three kinds of social governance norms to regulate the funeral activities in rural areas,which are state law/hard law,soft law and folk law.In the perspective of practice,the folk law,which supports burial in the ground,regulates the funeral activities effectively.While the state law/hard law and soft law,which support cremation,do not work well.The reason why folk law is successful can be find by study the Coffin-Carrying Custom of Z Village in the Yuan River Basin.The Coffin-Carrying Custom of Z Village consists of two mechanisms,which are the mechanism of selecting who should carry the coffin and the mechanism of making decisions.Every mechanism is built on the principles like determining the boundary clearly,fitting local conditions,public participation,supervision,disputes resolution and tolerance of government.That is the reason why folk law is successful.At last,the state law/hard law and soft law should learn from folk law’s experience,and play a more important role in social governance.