美国印第安部落博彩业及其法律规制

American Indian Tribal Gaming and it’s Legal Regulations

印第安人作为北美大陆上的土著少数族裔,受历史条件和美国联邦政策等各种因素的综合影响在经济上长期处于贫困状态。博彩业于20世纪70年代在印第安人保留地内迅速发展起来,很大程度上改变了部落的社会政治经济状况。为了更好地履行对博彩活动的监管职责以及协调因发展博彩业而引起的部落和各州之间的争议,国会制定了《印第安博彩业规制法》作为部落博彩业的法律基础的和规制准则。通过考察这一立法规范及其司法适用,不难发现其实际上遵循了'分类规制和重点规制相结合'以及'联邦主导,部落和州配合'的原则,对部落博彩业具体运营的各个方面都进行了有效地规制。

As affected by historical conditions and the federal policies,American Indians,the native peoples in North America,has been living in poverty in a long term.Gaming has rapidly developed in Indian reservations from 1970 s,which has enhanced the political and economic status of Indian tribes to a large extent.To fulfill regulatory responsibility and coordinate disputes between tribes and states raising from the booming of gaming,the federal government enacted the Indian Gaming Regulation Act as the legal basis and regulatory framework of tribal gaming.Through the analysis of the legislation and judicial application,it could be seen that the law is based on combination of classified and major regulations and the federal government’s domination coordinated by states and tribes.As a result,the tribe gaming has been regulated effectively.