法律阴影下的习惯权利——律师劳动者的内部权利及其秩序功能

Customary Rights under the Shadow of Law——The Internal Rights of Lawyer laborers and the Rights’ Order Functions

尽管从相关法律、规章到律师协会的行业规范乃至律师事务所的内部规章制度,都对律师作为劳动者的法律权利有明确规定或者确认,但是这些'纸面上的权利'在律师的执业实践中通常是被虚置的。实际调整律师和律所之间关系的是通行于律所内部的规章制度、行业习惯等'活法'。律师和律所之间的关系名为法律关系实为习惯关系,律师劳动者的内部权利,包括业务自主权和收费分配权,也因而成了法律阴影下的习惯权利。这些以'活法'为依据的实有权利激励了律师的业务积极性,保障了律师相对独立的主体地位;但是同时也便利了律师的流动,消解了律所的管理秩序。这是理解律师的流动乃至律所分裂现象的因果机制之一。

Although the relevant laws and regulations,the industry norms of the bar associations,and the internal rules and regulations of the law firm,all clearly define or confirm the legal rights of lawyers as laborers,these'paper rights'practice in lawyers.It is usually vacant.The actual adjustment of the relationship between lawyers and law firms is the'living law'that governs the rules and regulations and industry practices within the law firm.The relationship between lawyers and law firms is called legal relationship,and the internal rights of lawyers,including business autonomy and fee distribution rights,have become customary rights under the shadow of law.These real rights based on the'living law'motivate the lawyer’s business enthusiasm and guarantee the relative independence of the lawyer,but at the same time facilitate the flow of lawyers and eliminate the management order of the law firm.This is one of the causal mechanisms for understanding the flow of lawyers and even the division of law firm.