论少数民族森林保护习惯法及其与国家法的调适

On the Customary Law of the Minority Forest Protection and the Adjustment of National Law

少数民族森林保护习惯法以多种样态存在于少数民族地区,是其民间法的重要内容。例如,侗族侗款有封山育林期、护林造林、划定林地界限的规定,还有种植'嫁妆树''打草标'的习俗;布依族则有林木分类保护和禁入神山圣林的习惯法;苗族榔规则规定了林业的生产月令、禁止偷盗和烧山烧林的习惯法。这给后代留下了丰富的森林资源,传承了人与自然和谐相处的生态理念。但由于习惯法自身的局限性,部分习惯法与国家林业法律制度冲突,难以符合现代法治社会要求。需要对森林保护习惯法进行调适,地方自治立法要吸收习惯法中的合理成分,剔除其落后部分。司法裁判中援引森林保护习惯法,并适用其构建多元纠纷调解机制。

Customary law on the protection of forest,which is an important part of folk law,exists in various forms in minority areas.For example,the Dong clauses has regulations of forbidden mountain forest cultivation,forest protection and planting,setting boundaries;and the customs of planting'dowry tree',playing'grass landmark'.The Bouyei nationality’s customary law provides forest classification and far away from holy forest in order to protect forest.The Miao nationality’s hammer rule offers monthly orders on forestry production,forbids theft,formulates fire-proofing measures.The customary law gives rich forest resources to descendants and inherits the ecology concept on how human should set a harmonious relationship with nature.Some customary law conflict with national forestry law for its limitation.In order to adjust customary law on forest conservation,local legislation needs to absorb a reasonable part of customary law and eliminate the backward part.Judicial adjudication quote customary law on forest conservation.And applying customary law constructs multivariate mediation mechanism.