乌托邦的诱惑之维:别尔嘉耶夫对乌托邦的审思

The Dimension of the Temptation of Utopia:Berdyaev on Utopia

俄罗斯哲学家、思想家别尔嘉耶夫(1874-1948)从人格主义的角度对乌托邦进行了阐述。经历了俄国19-20世纪的革命,别尔嘉耶夫开始关注和思索乌托邦与革命的关系,批判革命幻想的乌托邦性质。他还指出劳动与创造的不同性质,乌托邦与劳动、创造的不同关系,乌托邦宗教理念与基督教的不同。他批判了作为集体主义代表的乌托邦对人的诱惑,他的人格主义美学带着强烈的西方近代人类学的色彩,别尔嘉耶夫的观念建立在个体、个人、个性之上,但乌托邦理念建立在集体、群体之上。他对乌托邦的批判,是人高于自然,高于一切的解读。

Russian philosopher Berdyaev expounded the idea of utopia from the perspective of personalism. Since the time of the Russian Revolutions in 19 th and 20 th centuries,Berdyaev had begun to consider the relationship between utopia and revolution. He criticized the utopian fantasy that occurred in these revolutions. He also demonstrated the differences of labor and creation, different relationships between utopia and labor,utopia and creation, as well as the differences between utopian religious ideas and Christian ideas. He criticized utopia as a representative of collectivism. His personalistic aesthetics was much influenced by modern anthropology. Berdyaev’s thoughts were built on individuality and personality, while the utopian ideas were built on collectivity. His critique of utopia showed that humans were privileged over nature.