现代性及文化悖论维度下的赫勒美学思想研究

A Study on Heller’s Aesthetic Thoughts in the Dimension of Modernity and Cultural Paradox

现代美学是现代性与现代文化悖论的表征:一方面,以工具、目的及技术理性为主导的现代精神极大地侵占着人文价值的存在空间;另一方面,以启蒙与自由为典型的高度自觉的主体意识总是试图重新寻求并阐释人之意义与价值。后者可视为现代美学的化身,二者共同构成了现代性及文化悖论的钟摆平衡运动。赫勒从审美自律等方面,论证了现代美学存在的合法性和矛盾性;继而认为,作为现代美学的表意方式和内在运行结构,'历史哲学'与'艺术批评'相互对立制衡,有着不可改革的内部矛盾且构成了现代美学的悖论。针对当代审美趣味价值与艺术品个体化、多元化及动态化的存在事实,赫勒主张用'艺术品的尊严'取代'艺术自律',认为只有与人发生本质关联时,艺术才具备存在的合法性,艺术价值才可能彰显,艺术是人对意义的追寻。以上论调充分体现了赫勒美学思想的强烈人道主义色彩。

Modern aesthetics is a representative of modernity and cultural paradoxes in modern age. On the one hand, modern spirit, which was dominated by tools, purposes and technical rationalities, forces humanity values off social space. On the other hand,subject consciousness, typically represented by enlightenment and freedom, is always trying to find and interpret meanings and values of man. The latter can be regarded as an incarnation of modern aesthetics.From the perspective of aesthetic autonomy,Heller demonstrates the legitimacy and contradiction of modern aesthetics. On such a basis, she asserts that, "philosophy of history" and "art criticism",as the expression mode and intrinsic operating structure of modern aesthetics, are contradicted with each other and so as to form the paradox of modern aesthetics. Heller suggests replacing"art autonomy" by the concept of "dignity of the artwork" to interpret the phenomena of individualized, diverse and dynamic aesthetic tastes and artwork in modern age. She argues that art is man’s pursuing of meaning, which means art obtains legitimacy and artistic values only when it has inner connections with human beings. Heller’s aesthetic thoughts are thus featured with strong color of humanism.