反偶像与恋偶像主义之间的乌托邦传统

Utopian Tradition between Iconodasm and Iconophilia

在托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》出版500周年之际,对乌托邦的研究与讨论层出不穷。而从古至今,对乌托邦的理解莫衷一是。欧内斯特·曾科教授认为,正确理解乌托邦的含义不论是对于过去、现在还是未来,都有重要的意义。通过对乌托邦的来源和历史传统进行梳理,并对不同时期的乌托邦理想进行辨析,他试图阐明,相较于将乌托邦进行简单的概念化,乌托邦和乌托邦主义必须通过多重二元对立、矛盾或悖论来理解,并指出当代乌托邦主义最具挑战性的问题是对未来的积极态度(被理解为希望)与对未来的消极态度(在恐惧的意义上)之间的矛盾。乌托邦精神的关键在于给人类带来希望。

The 500 th anniversary of the first edition of Thomas More’s Utopia was accompanied by a seemingly inexhaustible wave of discussions,conferences,and publications on utopianism and its innumerable well-and less-known forms.However,when it comes to utopia and utopianism,very little is straightforward and almost nothing is devoid of paradox.Prof.Ernest Zenko points out that the correct understanding of utopia is of great significance to the past,present and future,by sorting out the origin and historical tradition of utopia,the utopian ideals in different periods,he argues in this paper that utopia and utopianism as such can be,at best,grasped through a series of dichotomies,contradictions,or paradoxes.In Ernest Zenko’view,the most challenging problem of contemporary utopianism is the contradiction between a positive attitude toward the future(hope)and a negative attitude toward the future(fear),the key of the utopian spirit lies in bringing hope to mankind.