艺术论题是对马克思唯物史观的证伪吗?

Does Advocacy of the Importance of Art Conflict with Marxist Historical Materialism?

在马克思对唯物史观的论述中,艺术论题似乎是一个'例外',以至于看起来它在一定程度上动摇了马克思唯物史观赖以根植的'基础'。因此,对《政治经济学批判·序言》及其《导言》论及艺术之部分加以分析就尤为迫切和必要,这是探究马克思在艺术问题上'前后不一'表征的核心要义。不同于'经济决定论'与'生产力决定论'的唯物史观形象,一方面,马克思对艺术问题的读解,绝非基于一种空泛的审美主义的取向,而是本质性地基于黑格尔历史哲学的立场;另一方面,马克思在艺术问题上流露出的'黑格尔主义倾向'并未否定唯物史观,而是同样本质性地超越了黑格尔的美学立场及其思辨哲学。因此,这一关于唯物史观是否适用于艺术论题的探讨,乃是阐明马克思唯物史观的科学性及其内在的复杂性的焦点问题。

In Marxist historical materialism art is usually considered to play only a subordinate role in the process of social change.However,close analysis of Marx’s Preface to'A Contribution to’The Critique of Political Economy’'can support a different view.Historical materialism emphasizes economic structures and practices as the primary social determinants,which is not disputed,but Marx says that ideological forms(which includes art)shape consciousness,which is a vital element in social change.Marx’s understanding of art is based on the tradition of philosophy of history of Hegel rather than pure aesthetics.Such a Hegelian standpoint has never been in conflict with historical materialism but has transcended Hegel’s idealism.Exploring the question of the value of art as a social force can demonstrate the scientific basis and complexity of Marxist historical materialism.