后殖民理论中的“中国”如何被表达?——从“第三世界民族寓言”到“属下可以说话吗”

How to Express China In Post-colonial Theory: From Third World National Allegory to Can the Subaltern Speak

在后殖民理论视域中,詹姆逊认为'第三世界'以'民族寓言'的形式表达自己,尤其中国文学,它以一种抵抗的姿态在晚期资本主义文化逻辑的笼罩下开辟了一片飞地;而同样是后殖民理论家的斯皮瓦克却提出质疑,认为'第三世界'发出的声音真是被遮蔽、被压抑的本真声音吗?真正的'属下'——中国边远农村的妇女,处于第三世界底层的女性——受到西方、精英、男权的三重压迫,根本不可能具有独立意识和言说平台,她们甚至都不是一个能够言说的主体,那么,她们的言说如何可能?因此,我们必须沿着这样的对话和询问路径,比较詹姆逊'民族寓言'和斯皮瓦克'属下可以说话吗'的言说语境、理论背景和藏在背后的问题意识,进而探讨中国在后殖民理论语境中如何才能表达自身。

In the field of Post-Colonial theory,Jameson thinks that the Third World expresses itself by National Allegory,especially evident in Chinese literature.He opens up an area with a resistant attitude under the cultural logic of the late capitalism.But Spivak,a post-colonial theorist,queried whether the voice of Third World is shadowed and repressed.The real Subaltern,Chinese women living in marginal countryside,are at the bottom of the Third World and oppressed by the West,elites and patriarchy.Without an independent consciousness and speech platform,they are not even subjects who can speech.Then how can they speak?We must follow the logic of dialogue and inquiry to compare their speech context,theoretical background and the problem consciousness hidden behind and discuss how China expresses itself in the context of post-colonial theory.