《吕氏春秋》中由动词"为"构成的述宾结构

The Verb-object Construction Structured by the Verb "Wei" in Lü Shi Chun Qiu

《吕氏春秋》中由动词"为"构成的述宾结构,按述宾间的意义关系将宾语分为受事宾语、当事宾语和双宾语三类。动词"为"作述语构成的述宾结构及其内部各小类之间有着相互区别的语法特点。一是由于动词"为"意义的不同而有所区别。二是由于宾语的不同而有所区别。通过考察初步认为:在战国末期秦朝初期,实义动词"为"逐步向较虚的引申义"作为"、"成为"过渡,以至于有的无法译出,从而开始向虚词行列演进。

The authors examine the 'verbobject' construction structured by the verb 'WEI'( '为')in Lü Shi Chun Qiu(《吕氏春秋》).The object is classified into 3 subtypes, namely, patient (受事宾语),agent(当事宾语),and double object(双宾语), in accordance with the types of relation between verb and object. There are differentiated grammatical characteristics in VO construction structured by verb 'WEI' and among its subtypes. The VO construction is differentiated due to different meanings of the verb 'WEI' on the one hand, and due to different objects on the other. Examination shows that, from the late Warring States Period to the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, 'WEI' as substantive verb has been gradually explicated as more empty 'ZUO WEI'(作为)and 'CHENG WEI'(成为) in transition of meanings, consequently causing failure of relevant translation in certain conditions, and thereby begins its evolution to a functional word.