马克思晚年《人类学笔记》的思想定位

The Thinking Orientation of the Anthropology Notes of Karl Marx's Late Years

马克思晚年《人类学笔记》一直没有引起学界足够的关注和重视。其实,马克思晚年所做的这些看似简单的摘抄、批注和书写符号在很大程度上反映了马克思的思想观点和价值追求。这些研究和探索并不像一些学者所理解的那样是马克思的非典型研究成果,更不是他成熟时期理论研究的中断或转移,而是马克思关于无产阶级和人类解放的这一思想主题的完善和发展。马克思在对他者理论的或批判或褒扬、或肯定或否定和摘记标注中呈现出了自己独特的思想取向和立场观点,深化和完善了他关于无产阶级和人类解放这一思想主题的研究。马克思晚年对人类学的研读与摘记是其自觉地有意识地回应具体的实践问题与时代难题的必然选择,是其在新的历史背景下和已有的资本主义研究的基础上进一步扩展研究素材、拓展研究思路的最新成果。

The Anthropology Notebooks of Karl Marx's late years has not attracted enough attention. In fact, these seemingly simple excerpts, annotations and symbols written by Marx in their later years largely reflect Marx's ideas and values. These studies and explorations are not the result of Marx's atypical research, as is understood by some scholars, nor the interruption or transfer of theoretical research in his mature period, but the refinement and development of Marx's thought on the proletariat and human liberation. Furthermore, through the criticize and praise, affirmative and negative, as well as abstracts and markings on other theories, Marx presented his own unique ideological orientation and standpoint. Marx's study and excerpts of anthropology in his later years are the inevitable choice for his consciously responding to concrete practical problems and puzzles of the times, as well as the latest results of expanding the research material and ideas on the basis of the new historical context and the existing capitalist studies.