对《共产党宣言》中“消灭私有制”的再思考

Reflection on “Aufhebung des Privateigentums” in Communist Manifesto

所有制问题是一个重大的理论与现实问题。从马克思主义经典文本到中国特色社会主义实践,理论与实践一直处在相互映射、相互作用的状态,这其中有割裂偏离,有调整补充,也有创新发展。近20年学界以《共产党宣言》中"消灭私有制"为理论突破口,围绕所有制变革的方式、对象、条件、结果展开一系列研究,提出了许多新观点和新见解。在进一步推动所有制问题研究方面,可从以下三个方面入手:其一,充分理解"消灭/扬弃私有制"内含的"文本/现实"相互建构和不同的话语趋向;其二,全面把握文本中"消灭私有制"的基本内涵,准确理解"消灭私有制"的精神实质;其三,需要注意"私有制"与"私有财产权"的区别。

Ownership is a major theoretical and practical issue. From the classical text of Marxism to the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the theory and practice have been in a state of mutual mapping and interaction, which witness the separation of deviation, the adjustment and supplement, but also the development of innovation. In the past 20 years, based on the theory of 'eliminating private ownership', the academic circles have made a series of studies on the ways, objects, conditions and results of the reform of the ownership and put forward many new ideas and opinions. In the further study of the issue of ownership, we put forward the following three aspects: firstly, 'abolition/sublation' reflects 'text/practice', which represents different forms of discourse; secondly, grasp the basic content of the text 'eliminating private ownership' comprehensively and understand the essence of 'eliminating private ownership' accurately; thirdly, pay attention to the difference of 'private ownership' and 'private property right'.