小麦花药培养研究进展

Review on Wheat Anther Culture

小麦花药培养技术是小麦产生单倍体的主要途径,该技术具有稳定杂种性状、缩短育种年限、提高选择效率、克服远缘杂交不育和分离等优点。大量研究表明,单核中晚期花药接种在C17培养基上花药培养效果比较好。小麦花药培养力的高低受到基因型的显著影响;小麦花药培养过程中雄核发育受到基因型的影响;白化苗的产生机理主要是由于控制叶绿素合成的基因突变产生的。花药培养技术在育种和分子遗传研究中得到了广泛的应用。

Anther culture is a main haploidization technique in wheat. It has many advantages such as stabilizing characters, reducing breeding time, improving selecting efficiency, conquering sterility and segregation in wide cross. Anther culture ability significantly depend on genotype. Many research showed that anther in middle-late stage of one nucleus was cultured on C17 medium had good result. Basic research showed that genotype determined the development of male nucleus during wheat anther culture. Albino is the result of chlorophyll gene mutant. Wheat anther culture technique was widely used in wheat breeding and genetic research.