366份小麦品种春化光周期基因型组成及其与生殖物候稳定性的关系

Relationship between Combination of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genotypes and the Stability of Reproductive Phenology Based on Study of 366 Wheat Varieties

为探究国内小麦品种春化光周期基因的显隐性组成及其与生殖物候稳定性的关系,以国内各大麦区主栽小麦品种及近几年的区试品系共366份为材料,采用STS标记对春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、VrnD1、Vrn-B3和光周期基因Ppd-D1进行检测;同时采用分期播种法,以不同播期之间的抽穗期相差天数为生殖物候稳定性的评价指标,探索春化、光周期基因型对生殖物候稳定性的影响。结果表明,366份材料中包含15种春化光周期基因型组合,其中组合vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a最多,达48.91%,其次为vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a,占16.39%。vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a能最大程度地维持小麦生殖物候稳定性,使抽穗期差异维持在5.43d,而vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1b、vrn-A1+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a、Vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1b则赋予小麦极不稳定的生殖物候特性,使抽穗期差异达10d以上。此外,显性春化基因能降低小麦生殖物候稳定性,其效应表现为Vrn-A1>Vrn-B1>VrnD1;隐性春化基因能够增强小麦生殖物候稳定性,其效应为vrn-B1>vrn-D1>vrn-A1;光周期基因对生殖物候稳定性影响不显著。

In order to make a thorough investigation on the relationship between the combination of dominant or recessive vernalization and photoperiod genes of wheat varieties and the stability of reproductive phenology,a total of 366wheat cultivars were used as materials in this study,including the major wheat cultivars from the major wheat growing areas in China as well as strains in the regional trial in recent years.STS markers were utilized to detect vernalization genes of Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,Vrn-D1and Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1.With method of sowing at two different dates,the number of difference of heading date,based on different sowing dates,were used as evaluation criteria for the stability of reproductive phenology.The results showed that,among the 366wheat materials,there existed 15kinds of genotypic combination of vernalization and photoperiod genes,among whichvrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1awas the largest group,as 48.91% of the total;and vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1awas the second,with 16.39%of total.While the combination of vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1acould maintain the stability of reproductive phenology of wheat to the greatest extent,with the difference of heading date at about 5.43days;however,the combinations of vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1b,vrn-A1+Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+ Ppd-D1aand Vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1bmade extremely unstable reproductive phenology characteristics of wheat,with the difference of heading stage discrepancy more than 10days.Furthermore,dominant vernalization genes could weaken the stability of wheat reproductive phenology,the effects of which demonstrated as that Vrn-A1>Vrn-B1>Vrn-D1;while on the contrary,recessive vernalization genes could intensify the stability of wheat reproductive phenology,which was reflected as that vrn-B1>vrn-D1>vrn-A1.Photoperiod genes did't have obvious impact on reproductive phenology stability.