氮肥运筹对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat Cutivars with Different Gluten Types

为筛选不同筋型小麦高产优质栽培的适宜施氮量和施氮比例(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥),以强筋小麦济麦20、中筋小麦保麦1号和弱筋小麦扬麦15为材料,在高产栽培条件下研究了施氮量及施氮比例对不同筋型小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适当增加施氮量或提高小麦生育中后期施氮比例,均能提高三种筋型小麦产量、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、面团形成时间和稳定时间。三种筋型小麦采用适宜的氮肥运筹均可协同提高产量和改善品质。本试验条件下,强筋小麦济麦20达到高产优质的最优组合为施氮量225kg·hm-2、施氮比例3∶1∶3∶3;中筋小麦保麦1号为施氮量270kg·hm-2、施氮比例3∶1∶3∶3;弱筋小麦扬麦15为施氮量180kg·hm-2、施氮比例5∶1∶2∶2或施氮量225kg·hm-2、施氮比例7∶1∶2∶0。

The effects of nitrogen on grain yield and quality of wheat cultivars with different gluten types were investigated by using strong gluten wheat(Jimai 20),middle gluten wheat(Baomai 1)and weak gluten wheat(Yangmai 15)as materials.The results indicated that increasing the amount of N application and/or the proportion of topdressing N after elongation stage increased grain yield,protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,development time and stability time.The suitable nitrogen management for wheat cultivars with different gluten types can realize the coordination and improvement on yield and quality.Considered yield and quality together,the appropriate nitrogen treatment(N application rates and that N fertilizer ratio of basal∶tillering∶elongation∶booting)for strong gluten wheat(Jimai 20),middle gluten wheat(Baomai 1)and weak gluten wheat(Yangmai 15)was 3∶1∶3∶3 with 225kg·hm-2,3∶1∶3∶3 with 225kg·hm-2 and 5∶1∶2∶2 with 180kg·hm-2 or 7∶1∶2∶0with 225kg·hm-2,respectively.