6-BA对小麦开花期渍害的缓减效应

Effects of 6-BA on Alleviating Grain Yield Loss of Wheat by Waterlogging at Anthesis

为了解6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)对小麦开花期渍害的减缓效应,在大田条件下,于2012-2013和2013-2014年度,以郑麦9023为材料,研究了开花期喷施BA对小麦光合、干物积累及产量的影响。结果表明,开花期渍水使小麦两年分别减产51.4%和52.3%,减产的主要原因是千粒重和穗粒数降低,尤其是千粒重的下降,而穗粒数的减少主要归因于弱势粒的减少(两年分别减少21.4%和71.4%)。渍水前喷施6-BA处理比渍水处理显著增产,两年分别增产7.8%和31.6%,增产的主要原因是提高了千粒重和穗粒数。渍水前喷施6-BA可提高旗叶光合速率及SPAD值、干物质积累总量及收获指数,缓减旗叶及倒三叶衰老。说明渍水前喷施6-BA可通过促进小麦光合作用和干物质积累及其向籽粒的分配,减缓渍水对产量形成的不利影响。

A field experiment was conducted to understand the slowing effect of spraying 6-BA yield loss of wheat by waterlogging at anthesis in the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growth seasons,with wheat cultivar Zhengmai 9023 as the material.The results showed waterlogging at anthesis decreased grain yield by 51.4%in 2013 and 52.3%in 2014,respectively.Further analysis showed that the grain yield loss by waterlogging at anthesis were ascribed mostly to the reductions of grain weight and grain number per spike,and the decrease of grain number per spike was caused mostly by the decrease of inferior grain number,which was decreased 21.4%in 2013 and 71.4%in 2014,respectively.Spraying6-BA before waterlogging significantly increased grain yield by 7.8%in 2013 and 31.6%in 2014,respectively,which were contributed by the increased grain weight and grain number per spike.Spraying 6-BA before waterlogging increased the photosynthetic rate and SPAD value of flag leaf,dry matter accumulation amount and harvest index,and postponed plant senescence.Therefore,spraying 6-BA at anthesis before waterlogging decreased adverse impact on grain yield of wheat by waterlogging through promoting leaf photosynthesis,dry matter accumalation and distribution to grain.