希腊原创文化及其观念

Several Ideas That Embody Original Greek Culture

原创文化是文化史研究的一个新的生长点。通常所说的“传统文化”掩盖了原创文化的存在和地位 ,以至如海德格尔所说 ,“传统遮蔽本真” ,“传统堵塞了通达源头的道路”。希腊文化尚未成为欧洲的传统 ,就被基督教所取代了 ,它保留了更多的原创性智慧的特征 ,可以说是原创文化的标本。Theos(神 )与theologia(神学 ) ,mysteri(神秘 )、mythos(虚构 )与logos(逻各斯 ) ,physis(自然 )、techne(技艺 )与nomos(约定的 ) ,Dike(正义女神 )与dike(正义 )这四组观念 ,体现了希腊人关于天地人神、德智体美、身心和谐和制度创新、观念创新的刻意追求。所谓“回归希腊” ,实质上是解蔽被传统遮盖的原创性智慧 ,以弥补现代文化之不足。显然 ,研究历史上各个文化系的原创性智慧 。

The study of original cultures is a new field of interest in the research of the history of cultures. The commonly used term of “traditional cultures” has served to conceal the existence and the importance of original cultures, as was described by Heiderger: “Tradition conceals Being” and “blocks up the road to the origins”. Greek culture was in fact replaced by Christianity before it became the European tradition, yet it has retained many of its original wisdoms and continues to be a sample of original culture. Theos and theology, mysteri, mythos and logos, physis and techné, nomos, Dike and dike are the four categories of ideas that embody the original Greek understanding and pursuit of God and Man, virtues, intelligence, strength, beauty, harmony between mind and body, creativity of systems and ideas, etc. “Going back to Hellenism” is essentially a way of compensating the inadequacy of modern cultures by a rediscovery of original Greek wisdoms that have been concealed by traditions. The study of original wisdoms of different cultures will surely help the reconstruction of contemporary cultures on a wider historical background.