从“全生避害”到长生不死——论道家重生养生思想向道教神仙信仰的演进

From Keeping the Body Sound and Avoiding Harm to Longevity——On the Progress of Taoist Thoughts from Nourishing Life to Becom ing Immortal

道家思想是道教的思想渊源之一。道家哲学一直有“为我”、“贵生”、“全生”的传统 ,注重保养身体、延长生命。这个传统经杨朱、《老子》、《庄子》再到黄老道家发展下来 ,养生的理论和方法越来越丰富、精细。这些理论及方法在秦汉时代特别是东汉时期与神仙方术相结合 ,最终在早期道经中演变为长生成仙的宗教信仰。

Taoist philosophy thoughts is one of the origins of Taoist religion. Taoist philosophy has always keeping the trad ition of'for oneself', 'nourishing life', 'keeping life sound' and pays at tention to keeping life as long as possible. This tradition was passed down from Laozi, Zhuangzi, to Huang-lao Tradition. During this progress, the thoughts an d theories of nourishing life became delicate and full, which became the Taoist religion thoughts of longevity in the early Taoist scriptures after combining wi th the thoughts of divine man and magical skills in Qin and Han dynasty.