下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉的解剖学研究

The anatomic research of the inferior alveolar nerve block

对30例成人头颈矢状断标本和100例下颌骨标本进行了解剖和观测。发现翼颌间隙的空间大小和下牙槽神经、下颌舌骨神经、舌神经的毗邻关系以及下颌孔的位置都有明显的变动范围。这些变动与下牙槽神经阻滞麻醉的成败有密切关系。提出进针点的部位可在下颌第三磨牙(牙合)面颊缘延长线上方0.5～1.0cm相对的颊粘模处,针刺方向与水平正中线的角度为43.7度,进针深度为22.6mm。认为常规的下牙槽神经阻滞有时会出现切牙麻醉不全,这可能与下颌舌骨神经的高位分支或舌神经与下颌舌骨神经有交通支有关。

The sagittal specimen of the head and the neck in 30 sides of adult cadavers, and the mandibular bone samples in 100 cases were dissected and measured. It was found that the size of the pterygomandibular space, the relation between the adjacent positions of the inferior alveolar, the mylohyoid, and the lingual nerves, and the site of the mandibular foramen were obviously changeable to some extent. These changes were closely related with the success or failure of the anaesthesia of the alveolar nerve block. In this article, it was also discussed that the cause of the incomplete anaesthesia may occur in the conventional mandibular anaesthesia.