智能汽车人机协同控制的研究现状与展望

Human-machine Cooperative Control of Intelligent Vehicle:Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

随着人工智能、互联网技术、通信技术、计算机技术的快速发展,以电动化、智能化及网联化为基础的智能汽车成为汽车行业发展的一大趋势.按照汽车智能化、自动化的发展进程,美国汽车工程师协会将智能汽车的发展分为手动驾驶、驾驶辅助、部分自动化、有条件自动化、高度自动化和完全自动化6个级别,虽然不同层次、不同功能的汽车智能化技术正迅猛发展,但是真正意义上的全工况自动驾驶在短期内很难实现.因此,在未来很长一段时期内,智能汽车必然面对人机协同控制的局面,本文详细介绍了智能汽车人机协同控制中驾驶员建模及人机驾驶权动态优化控制的国内外研究现状,同时简要介绍了智能汽车测试与评价的国内外研究现状,提炼了共性问题,并对人机协同控制的发展趋势给出了一些观点.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,information and communication technology,intelligent vehicle oriented toward electrical,intelligence and network techniques becomes one of the major trends in the automotive industry.The society of automotive engineers(SAE)divides intelligent and autonomous vehicle technologies into six levels:manual driving,driving assistance,partial automation,conditional automation,highly automation and fully automation.Although intelligent and autonomous vehicle technologies at different levels and different functions are developed rapidly,it is very difficult to implement automatic driving in the near future.Therefore,intelligent and autonomous vehicle has to face the situation of human-machine coordinated control in a long period of time.This paper focuses on the research status and future perspectives of driver modeling,cooperative control strategy and test and evaluation of intelligent vehicle,in which the common problems are extracted and some views on the development trends of human-machine cooperative control are given.