马恩价值理论是“效用/劳动价值论”,不是“劳动价值论一元论”——从“抽象”上升为“具体”的方法论角度再论马恩价值理论本相

Marx and Engles' Value Theory Is a Macro Theory on ”Utility/Labor Value”, not on ”Labor Value” Only ——Are-discussion on Marx and Engles' value theory with an approach from ”abstraction” to ”concretion”

马恩共识于“价值是对效用和劳动花费的衡量” ,其中“价值”与“生产力 (率 )”同义。但是 ,这种价值理论在《资本论》各卷中的展述 ,却是按照“从抽象上升到具体”的方法 ,从抽象的“劳动价值论”出发 ,一步一步上升为“具体”的。细读之 ,可以发现 ,它每向“具体”前进一步 ,都靠使劳价论与某种突现使用价值决定性的理论相结合而完成 ,其理论实质是使劳价论被纳入唯物史观框架。其中包括 ,第二卷指出 ,一旦要具体考察社会总资本的流通 ,就不能只囿于劳价论 ,还要考虑社会规模的使用价值即社会效用 ,并依此建立了再生产理论 ;第三卷又进而指出 ,从总体上考察资本主义生产 ,更不能囿于第一卷对价值规律的抽象论述 ,而要充分理解 :价值规律的进一步展开 ,包括了对社会规模的使用价值即社会效用决定意义的含纳。此即马克思主义的“效用 /劳动价值论”。显然 ,马恩的价值理论不限于劳价论 ,它是由抽象劳价论上升为具体的宏观生产力 (率 )

ion to concretion”, that is, it develops step by step from the abstract ”theory on the labor cost” to the ”concrete one”. Reading carefully, we can find that every step toward ”concrete” is completed with a combination of both the theory on labor cost and the theory on the utility value. The nature of the theory is to involve labor into the system of historical materialism. The second volume of Capital points out that if looking into the floating of total social capital in detail, we cannot limit ourselves within the theory on labor cost only; instead, we should consider its utility value in the society as well. Based on this, reproduction theory can be created. The third volume points out further that if the capitalist production is taken into consideration as a whole, we cannot stop at the abstract description of value only as described in the first volume. On the contratry, we should have a full understanding, that is, the further development of the rule on value includes the utility value on the social scale (i.e. social efficiency determines the meaning). This is the ”utility/labor theory on value”. Obviously, the theory held by Marx and Engles on value is not limited within the theory on labor value only. It is the theoretical system evolved from the abstract theory on labor value to the concrete macro theory on ”utility/labor value”.