宋朝邮政管理体制的一个侧面——以进奏院的职责与官方文书的分类为中心

One side of Post Management System in Song Dynasty

宋朝的进奏院大体上与现代国家邮政总局有相似之处，其主要职责是负责收发官方文书，为了确保各种文书及时而准确地送达目的地，宋朝政府制定了很多相应的措施。具体而言，既包括对进奏院官吏的严格控制，也加强对各种文书的分类管理。通常情况下，官方按照传递速度和时间将文书分为“常程”和“急速”，按照文书的机密程度又有“实封”和“通封”之别。尽管宋朝制定了相当严密的防范措施，但文书传递过程中依然漏洞百出，给宋代社会造成了诸多不良影响。

The Jin Zou yuan of the Song Dynasty is similar to the general post office in modern time. For the accurate and timely arrival of all kinds of documents, the Song Dynasty took a lot of measures accordingly, including the strict control on the officials in Jin Zou yuan and the classification management of the documents. According to the speed and time of delivery, the government divided the documents into two parts: 'normal speed' and 'immediate speed'. According to the confidential degree , they could been divided into 'shi feng' and 'tong feng'.Although the government took many careful preventive measures, there were still a lot of defects in it, which had many bad effects on the society of the Song Dynasty .