现代汉语语用平面的焦点表达

Information Focus at Pragmatic Level in Modern Chinese

焦点是发话人着重强调的信息 ,可分为自然焦点和对比焦点。自然焦点是句子未知信息中的核心、重心 ,在汉语中一般位于句末 ,它经常出现在静态的孤立句中 ,是一种无标记形式。对比焦点是发话人根据表达需要着重强调的信息 ,这种信息既可以是已知的 ,也可以是未知的 ,其表现形式是运用标记词和标记格式 ,是一种有标记形式。自然焦点和对比焦点不能在同一个句子中共现。

Information focus is what a speaker wants to stress in communication.Two kinds of focuses can be identified:a natural focus and a comparative focus.A natural one is the core of the unknown information in a sentence and it is often at the end of a sentence in an unmarked form in Chinese.It often appears in statically isolated sentences.A comparative focus is the information stressed by the speaker according to the need of expression,which may be both known and unknown.It is expressed by marked words or patterns.A natural focus and a comparative focus don′t coexist in one sentence.