美国高等教育规模浅析

On Scale of American Higher Education

分析了美国 1 494所四年制本科院校的本科生规模 ,并用规模指数和集中指数来衡量高等教育规模和集中分布的程度 ,结果表明 :美国高等教育呈现非均衡发展态势 ,表现为区域间、各州间不平衡 ;1 0 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 0人是高水平大学最普遍的本科规模 ,而 1 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0人是一般大学普遍的本科规模。在我国继续扩大高等教育规模的进程中 ,需要提高水平 ,调整结构 ,实行“分层次有步骤积极发展西部 ,扶持‘增长极’ ,实现协调发展”

After analyzing the situation in 1 494 American four year undergraduate universities and colleges,this paper demonstrates the scale and the distribution of American institutions of higher learning with scale indexes and concentration indexes.It is found that the American higher education has developed unevenly.The top level universities and colleges commonly enroll 10 000 to 20 000 undergraduate students,while the average institutes usually have an enrollment of 1 000 to 5 000 students.It is proposed that during the process of higher education development in China,education level should be enhanced and education structure should be adjusted.Therefore,some strategies should be adopted such as actively and steadily developing higher education in the west of China,fostering 'growth poles',and realizing the nation′s harmony improvement of higher education.