160例健康体检女性对乳腺癌及乳腺自检相关知识、行为、需求的调查分析

160 cases of healthy women for breast cancer and breast self-examination related knowledge, behavior, demand investigation and analysis

目的:通过对健康体检女性关于乳腺癌及乳腺自检相关知识、行为、需求的调查分析,了解我国乳腺癌早期发现的现状和影响因素,从而开展促进乳腺癌早期发现的健康教育。方法:对2011年来院体检的年龄在20～80岁的160例健康体检女性进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般情况:年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、城乡分布、经济状况;乳腺癌危险因素评估:月经史、生育史、哺乳史和既往乳腺病史及家族史、雌激素服用史、放射线暴露史;乳腺癌基本知识知晓度、乳腺自检相关知识、个人饮食习惯、信念行为方式、健康教育需求等。结果:①所调查女性年龄在22～76岁,大专及以上学历占90.4%,城市职业女性占92.2%。②对乳腺癌发病危险的评估:既往有乳腺病史占49.0%,乳腺癌病史占1.3%,乳腺癌家族史占11.2%,雌激素药物或激素替代治疗占7.20%,服用过避孕药物占16.9%,长期暴露于放射线下占25.6%。③对乳腺癌基本知识的知晓度:通过对乳腺癌38个基本知识的问卷,有71.6%的女性对相关的基本知识有所了解,还有2.6%的女性对一些基本知识知之甚少。④乳腺自检的相关知识:通过5个乳腺自我检查相关知识的调查发现,有60.7%的女性知道和了解一些乳腺的自检知识,还有5.50%的女性对乳腺自检知识一无所知。⑤个人信念行为方式:93.1%的女性很在乎乳腺自检,但他们缺乏专业知识指导;有27.1%的女性从未做过乳腺检查。⑥健康教育需求:有26.0%的女性从电视、报纸、社区宣传海报、广播新闻媒体及互联网上获得有关乳腺自检信息的,4.4%的女性没有任何渠道获得信息。结论:城市健康职业女性对乳腺癌及乳腺自检相关知识认知率占60.7%,有93.1%的女性有渴望掌握乳腺自检知识的意识和行为信念,但只有26.0%的女性女性能通过电视、报纸、社区宣传海报、广播新闻媒体及互联网上获得有关乳腺自检的信息,乳腺健康知识普及和宣教的需求范围之广、比率极高。

Objective To healthy women about breast cancer and breast self-examination related knowledge,behavior,demand analysis and investigation,our understanding of breast cancer early detection status and influence factors,thus to promote breast cancer early detection of health education.Methods From 2011 to the hospital's medical examination at the age of 20 ～80 years 160 healthy women carry on questionnaire investigation,investigation content includes general situation: age,nationality,occupation,culture degree,urban and rural distribution,economic status;breast cancer risk assessment: menstrual history,reproductive history,lactation history and past history and family history of breast,the history of estrogen use,radiation exposure history;basic knowledge of breast cancer,breast self-examination related knowledge,dietary habits,beliefs,behavior,health education demand.Results ①Surveys in females aged 22 ～76 years old,college degree or above accounted for 90.4%,city occupation females accounted for 92.2%.② For breast cancer risk assessment: a history of previous breast accounted for 49%,history of breast cancer was 1.3%,a family history of breast cancer accounts for 11.2%,estrogen drugs or hormone replacement treatment accounted for 7.20%,taking the contraceptive drugs accounted for 16.9%,long-term exposure to radiation for 25.6%.③Basic knowledge on breast cancer awareness: the breast cancer 38 basic knowledge questionnaire,71.6% of the women on the basic knowledge and understanding,there are 2.6% women on some basic knowledge about.④ Breast self-examination: knowledge through 5 breast self examination of knowledge related to the survey,60.7% of women know and understand some breast self knowledge,there are 5.50% women to breast self-examination knowledge know nothing at all.⑤Idividual act of faith: 93.1% women care about breast self-examination,but they lack the expertise to guide;27.1% of women never had breast examination.Needs for health education in 6: 26% of women from television,newspapers,community propaganda posters,broadcast news media and Internet access to information about breast self-examination,4.4% female without any access to information.Conclusion the city health occupation female for breast cancer and breast self-examination relevant knowledge rates accounted for 60.7%,93.1% of women have the desire to master the knowledge of breast self-examination consciousness and behavior of the faith,but only 26% of the female through television,newspapers,community publicity posters,broadcast news media and on the Internet to obtain information about breast self-examination,breast health knowledge popularization and propaganda needs broad scope,high rate.