负压封闭引流术在大面积头皮缺损创面处理中的并发症分析及针对性护理

Special Nursing and Complications Analysis of Large Area Scalp Defect Patients undergoing Vacuum Sealing Drainage

目的:探讨大面积头皮缺损患者负压封闭引流术围手术期护理及并发症分析。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月笔者医院接受负压封闭引流术治疗的86例大面积头皮缺损患者为研究对象,按照分层随机分配方法将入选对象分为观察组与对照组(每组各43例),其中对照组接受常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上联合针对性护理干预。比较两组患者治疗期间并发症发生情况、创面愈合以及住院时间,并分析并发症发生原因。结果:观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,创面愈合总有效率高于对照组,术后住院时间短于对照组,两组间各指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分析并发症产生的主要原因有引流负压调节不当、引流通路堵塞、封闭膜下积液、创面感染,及引流装置漏气、漏液。结论:对接受负压封闭引流术治疗的大面积头皮缺损患者实施针对性护理,可有效减少并发症发生,提高创面愈合效果,缩短住院时间。

Objective Analysis of perioperative nursing and complications of large area scalp defect patients undergoing vacuum sealing drainage. Methods From January 2016 to January 2018, 86 patients with large scalp defect were treated by vacuum sealing drainage. The subjects were divided into observation group and control group according to the method of stratified random distribution(43 cases in each group). The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group combined with targeted nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. Comparisons of complications, wound healing and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups, and the causes of complications were analyzed.Results The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, the total effective rate of wound healing was higher than that in the control group, and the length of hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The main causes of complications were inappropriate vacuum sealing drainage, blockage of drainage pathway, closed submembranous effusion,wound infection and leakage of drainage device. Conclusion The nursing of large area scalp defect patients treated by vacuum sealing drainage can effectively reduce complications, improve wound healing effect and shorten hospitalization time.