清末官僚制度中“秘书”一职的设立

Review on the Establishment of Secretary Position in the Late Qing Dynasty's Official System

在中国历史上,由官方设立秘书职位并将其纳入官僚体制的正式编制是在清朝光绪三十三年(1907)。秘书职位最终得以设立,是包括冯煦在内的多位官员多年努力的结果,也反映出清政府行政管理的现实要求与西方政治体制对清政府官僚体制改革的影响。文章分析相关史料,梳理秘书职位设立的背景,清政府部分官员对设立秘书职位的推动作用,以及秘书被正式纳入政府职官系统的过程。

The position of secretary was officially set up in Chinese administrative system by the Emperor of Guang Xu in 1907,at the request of Feng Xu,the provincial governor of Anhui.The establishment of secretary position was the result of years joint effort by the officers including Feng Xu.It reflected practical demands of administration management and the influence of western political system on the central official system of the Qing Dynasty.Through historical literature and related materials,this paper discusses the background,the role and the process of the ministers in Qing dynasty in promoting the establishment of secretary position in the government officer system.