福山民主理论的“变”与“不变”及对中国社会主义民主的启示

The “Change” and “Invariability” of Fukuyama’s theory of Democracy and Its Enlightenment to Chinese Socialist Democracy

在东欧剧变、苏联解体的历史背景下,福山的'历史终结论'认为,'人类意识形态发展的终点'和'人类最后一种统治形式'就是西方的自由民主制度,人类历史将终结于自由民主的资本主义社会。之后,福山的'历史终结论'有了重大的变化。福山在坚持西方民主、法治的同时特别提出强化国家能力的思想,并认为现代政治成功的条件是'有效国家''法治'和'民主问责制'三要素之间的平衡。福山从'民主至上'理论向'国家建设主轴'理论发展的实质,是从'谁来统治'向'如何治理'的理论转变,这也是政治学研究的一大进步。从党的十八大以来,中国的治理体系和治理能力现代化改革的目标,是在提升国家治理能力的前提下建设中国特色社会主义民主政治。

In the historical background of the Soviet upheaval,Fukuyama’s'historical final conclusion'believes that'the end of the development of human ideology'and'the last form of human rule'are the western liberal democratic system,and human history will end in the capitalist society of liberal democracy.Since then,there has been a significant change in Fukuyama’s'historical conclusion'.While adhering to western democracy and the rule of law,he put forward the idea of strengthening national capacity,and believed that the condition of modern political success is the balance between'effective state,rule of law and democratic accountability'.The essence of Fukuyama’s development from the theory of'democracy first'to the theory of'national construction principal axis'is the transformation from the theory of'who governs'to the theory of'how to govern',which is also a great progress in the study of political science.The modernization of China’s governance system and governance capacity since the 18 th national congress of the CPC has been aimed at building socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics on the premise of improving the country’s governance capacity.