改革开放以来的中国民俗学:热点回顾与现状反思

Folklore Studies in China since the Reform and Opening-up:A Review on Hot Points and Reflections on Current Situation

改革开放以来,中国民俗学获得了丰硕的成果。在民间文学与口头传统、民族志研究、都市民俗学、历史民俗学、非物质文化遗产保护等方面均取得了一定的成绩。经过努力,民俗学逐渐从纯文学、溯源式的研究转向民族志式的整体研究;由一门描述性的学科,转为一门阐释性的学科,"朝向当下"成为学科的共识。普通人的日常生活被推到了前台,学科的伦理意识和参与意识也得到了前所未有的加强。但学科发展中也存在着不可忽视的问题,表现为学科发展不平衡、重个案研究而轻理论建构、囿于旧范式的窠臼、重视当下而忽视历史等。此外,民俗学在实践领域还可以发挥更大的作用。

Since the Reform and Opening-up,Chinese folklore studies have obtained certain achievements in various spheres,such as folk literature and oral tradition,ethnographic studies,urban folklore,historical folklore,and intangible cultural heritage.With the efforts of scholars,folkloristics gradually turns from literary studies to ethnographic holistic studies,from a descriptive science to an interpretative discipline.'Towards the present'is now a common understanding among scholars,and the daily life of ordinary people has been brought to the foreground,while the ethical awareness and participation consciousness of this discipline is valued as never before.But there are still problems that should not be ignored,such as unbalanced disciplinary development,emphasis on case studies rather than theoretical construction,fetter of the influence of the traditional paradigm,and valuing the present above history.In addition,folkloristics has not played its role in practical fields to the full yet.