生活歌唱与仪式表征——清江流域土家族人生仪礼歌研究

Singing in Life and Representing in Ritual: A Study on Life Ritual Songs of the Tujia People in Qingjiang River Basin

清江流域土家族的人生仪礼歌根植于保护生命、转换身份和愉悦生活的文化土壤中,主要表现为打喜歌、婚嫁歌、丧葬歌等歌体形式。人生仪礼歌的核心是生命仪式,围绕生命仪式构成的人生仪礼歌的文化表现多样化,歌唱活动成为人生仪礼中记录生命历程、赞颂生命精神的生活行为。清江流域土家族人生仪礼歌的生成和发展始终围绕生命与生活展开,蕴含在人生仪礼中的歌唱传统被唤醒、被激活、被创新,并且在当代民众生活中不断得以建构和传承。

Life ritual songs of the Tujia people in Qingjiang River Basin are rooted in the cultural soil that protects life,transforms identity and enjoys living.The forms of the songs include Daxi songs,wedding songs,funeral songs and so on.The core of the life ritual songs is the life ritual,around which the cultural expression of the life ritual song is composed is diversified,and the singing activity becomes the behavior in life ritual to record the life course and praise the life spirit.The creation and development of life ritual songs of the Tujia people in the Qingjiang river basin have always been constructed around life and living.The singing tradition contained in life ritual has been awakened,activated,and innovated.Moreover,it has been being continuously constructed and transmitted in contemporary people’s lives.