小地方与大世界:一个边缘藏族社区的本土现代性

Small Place and Big World: The Indigenous Modernity of a Marginal Community in Tibet

在全球化时代,单一现代性成为社会发展的主调,有必要关注不同文化经验对本土现代性的塑造。通过探讨西藏芒康盐井地区'内生现代性'的故事发现:在宗教方面,西方天主教与本土藏传佛教在长期斡旋过程中,利用多种策略实现了多层面的和解与包容;在传统仪式方面,嵌入旅游的'假结婚'仪式展演,不仅是游客凝视的对象,也是藏民自在自为的传统文化实践;在价值观念方面,本地多元包容的文化体系内生出一套具有外向性、利他性、普惠性特质,并能够实现物质世界与精神世界自洽的本土价值观念。面对日益强大的现代性力量,主体虽不可避免地被卷入到社会经济变迁的抗争过程中,但他们依然有足够的韧性保持自己的主体性。本土现代性不仅仅是西方现代性在本土化实践过程中本土与西方互动、协商、妥协的结果,也包含本土依据地方性的文化经验应对地方发展而内生出的现代性。

In a globalized world,it is necessary to unpack the subjectivities in the shaping of indigenous modernity by different cultural experiences.This paper aims to discuss stories of indigenous modernity by using in-depth interviews and non-participatory observation,taking the Yanjing community in Mangkang,Tibet as the case.The research finds that:in terms of religion,western Catholicism and native Tibetan Buddhism have achieved multi-layer reconciliation and tolerance through multiple strategies in the long-term process of mediation.In terms of traditional rituals,the False Marrige(Ba Ma Ba Dian Festival)ritual embedded in tourism is not only the object of tourists’gaze,but also the Tibetans’traditional cultural practice in themselves and for themselves.In terms of values,a set of local values,which are extroverted,altruistic and universal,come out of the local cultural system of diversity and tolerance,realizing the self-consistency between the material world and the spiritual world.Facing the increasing power of modernity,subjects are inevitably involved in the social and economic changes,but they still have enough space to maintain their subjectivity.Indigenous modernity is not only the result of the interaction,negotiation and compromise between local and western modernity,but also born in response to local development based on local cultural experience.