“水权—治权”:丰水型社会中的水权运行机制——基于四川成都夏雨村的实地调研

“Water Rights-Governance Rights”: The Operation Mechanism of Water Rights in Water-Rich Society: Based on the Field Research of Xiayu Village in Chengdu, Sichuan Province

将'水'提升为一种中心视角来展开对中国历史和社会的解读,从'乡土中国'转变为'水利中国'的相关话题,业已成为当今学界研究的焦点。已有研究基于'水权—水利''水权—资源''水权—庙权'的视角展开对水的探析,往往多关注水的'历史',相形之下对水的'现实'关怀略显不足,也缺乏理论层面的深拓。四川省境内水资源丰富的夏雨村,是一个传统的丰水型社区,通过'水权—治权'的分析视角,可以呈现出以'水'为中心的村落社会历史过程。显然,农田水利对于种植业具有重要意义,水资源变迁过程是一个不断重组和分配的过程,水权并非仅仅是产权问题,也关乎治权。在当下乡村振兴的社会背景下,下乡资本不断增多且主体构成日益复杂,应警惕其对河水的圈占和对地下水的不合理开采,实现水地分离,合理重构有序的用水秩序。

Elevating'water'into a central perspective to interpret Chinese history and society and transforming the topics of'Rural China'into'Water Conservancy China',has been the focus of current academic circle.Existing studies have been carried out on water from the perspectives of'water rights-water resources','water rights-resources'and'water rights-temple rights'.However,more attention has been paid to the'history'of water,while the'reality'of water is insufficient,and it is also insufficient in the deepening in theory.Based on the case of a water-rich society in southwest China,this paper puts forward the analytical perspective of'water rights-governance rights'and presents the social and historical process centering on'water'in a diachronic way of writing.Finally,it is concluded that water rights are not just property rights,but also governance rights.It is worth mentioning that under the background of rural revitalization,capital flowing to rural areas is increasing,and the composition of the main body of it is becoming more and more complex.At present,we should be vigilant about their enclosure of river water and unreasonable exploitation of groundwater to achieve a separation of water and land.