礼俗互动视角下清代以来北京村落香会研究——以刘家村五虎少林会和秉心圣会的调查为核心个案

A Study on the Pilgrimage Associations in Rural Beijing since the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Etiquette and Customs Interaction: Taking the Investigation of Wuhu Shaolin Association in Liujia Village and Bingxin Holy Association as a Core Case

北京村落香会具有极强的村落集体生活的属性,并体现出显著的礼俗互动特征。在礼俗互动的视角下,以刘家村五虎少林会和秉心圣会为核心个案,在对北京香会整体把握的基础上,审视和深描村落香会自发状态下和政府主导下的各种礼俗活动。在传统社会的行香走会,改革开放后的地方经济发展,以及近年来村落拆迁上楼等城市化进程中,民众都积极谋求与国家的互动。同时,在新中国成立之初的重大庆典,改革开放后各区的文化活动,以及国家的对外文化交流活动和非遗保护运动中,政府也有意引导香会参与其中。值得注意的是,清代以来的礼和俗都发生了变化,但其互动框架却未发生改变。在传统社会中,礼与俗相互依赖,国家通过礼俗互动设计,培养人们遵守社会秩序的基本观念和习惯,礼制与其他管理制度之间形成互相支撑的关系。如何实现当代国家与民众之间有效的互动和沟通,对于整体社会建构和发展具有重要意义。

Pilgrimage associations in rural Beijing have the characteristic of collective life and notable interaction of etiquette and customs.From the perspective of etiquette and customs interaction,this paper takes the Wuhu Shaolin Association and Bingxin Holy Association as the core case to examine and describe the spontaneous state of the rural pilgrimage associations and the various government-directed interactive activities of etiquette and customs on the basis of the overall grasp of Beijing pilgrimage associations.People actively seek interaction with the state in traditional society’s pilgrimage associations and the village removal after the reform and opening up of the local economic development and urbanization process.And the government intends to guide the pilgrimage associations to participate in such activities as the major celebrations at the beginning of the founding of China,cultural activities in the regions after the reform and opening-up,the foreign cultural exchange activities and intangible cultural heritage protection and so on.Although both etiquette and customs have changed since the Qing Dynasty,the framework of interaction between them has never changed.In traditional society,the state cultivates people’s basic concept and habit of observing social order through the interaction of etiquette and customs,and it forms a supportive relationship between the system of etiquette and other management systems.So,it is of great significance to the construction and development of contemporary society by the interdependence of etiquette and customs to achieve the effective interaction and communication between the state and the people.