德、美、俄三国大学基层学术组织的运行机制及启示

The Operation Mechanism of University Grass-roots Academic Organization in Germany,USA and Russia and Its Enlightenment

德国的讲座制、美国的学系制、俄罗斯的教研室制是国外大学基层学术组织运行机制中的三种比较典型模式,对我国大学基层学术组织的改革、运行机制的重构具有启迪和借鉴意义。在建立大学基层学术组织时,国内高校应以学科为基、育人为根本,形成以教学为中心、科研为基础的运行机制,学术权力与行政权力相结合、行政权力服务于学术权力的权力耦合机制。

The academy chair system in Germany,department system in the United States of America(USA),and the teaching and research section system in Russia are three typical modes of operating mechanisms of grass-roots organizations in foreign universities.The three kinds of typical modes provide considerable enlightenment and references for innovating and reconstructing operating mechanisms of university grass-roots academic organizations in China.First,university grass-roots academic organization which is discipline-based and education-oriented should be established.Second,the academic affairs operating mechanism which takes teaching as priority and centers scientific research as basic should be formed.Third,the authority coupling mechanism should be built combining academic power and administrative power making the latter in the service of the former.