我国大学创新创业教育存在的问题与破解策略

Problems and Solutions of Universities' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in China

我国大学创新创业教育历经酝酿萌芽、试点探索和推广改革三个阶段,取得了显著成效。但目标定位狭隘且功利、管理运行"失位"与"错位"、资源供给不足且配置低效、课程边界模糊且结构与内容单一、实践活动"量质失衡"是目前我国大学创新创业教育实践存在的主要问题。对此,大学亟待采取的策略:摒弃功利的创新创业教育价值取向,从素质教育的高度实现其与专业教育的耦合共容;组建专门实体机构并优化院校两级管理,健全创新创业教育可持续发展的运行保障机制;完善创新创业教育"软条件"和"硬条件",着力打造创新创业教育优化升级的新生态;融通创新创业教育理论和实践双轨教学,进而夯实培养"知行合一"的高层次创新创业人才的教学基础。

Innovation and entrepreneurship education in China's universities has experienced three stages:germination,pilot exploration and popularization reform,and has made remarkable effect.There are some problems in the current university innovation and entrepreneurship education.These are narrow and utilitarian goals,absence and malposition of management,insufficient supply and inefficient configuration of resources.Also there is the fuzzy curriculum and monotonous structure as well as content,and the imbalance of quantity and quality in practical activities.To deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education it is urgent to take the following strategies.First,to abandon the utilitarian value orientation of innovation entrepreneurial education and achieve coupling and encompassing from the highest quality-oriented education and professional education.Second,strive to set up specialized entities and optimize the management of institutions at both levels.Additionally,strengthen the operational safeguard mechanism of sustainable development of innovation entrepreneurship education.Third,endeavor to improve the"soft"to"hard conditions"of innovation and entrepreneurship education and strive to upgrade a new ecology of innovative entrepreneurship education for its optimization.Fourth,to integrate theory and practice teaching of innovative entrepreneurship education and then reinforce the teaching basis of highlevel innovative talents in teachers who have the ability of knowledge and practice.