贫困地区专项招生计划的政策变迁、潜在问题与优化路径——基于教育资源均衡发展和教育公平原则的考量

Policy Change,Potential Problems and Optimization Path of Special Enrollment Plan in Poverty-stricken Areas:Based on the Principle of Balanced Development of Educational Resources and Educational Equity

贫困地区专项招生计划的实施是为了保障农村和贫困地区学生获取优质高等教育入学机会的公平,该项政策到目前为止经历了调整期与稳定期,自2012年开始逐步形成"国家专项计划""地方专项计划"和"高校专项计划"三大计划。政策实施以来,贫困地区学生进入重点高校人数逐年显著增加,显示出政策实施的整体有效性。与此同时,贫困地区专项招生计划仍然有潜在的完善空间,包括增加对学生学业和就业状况的持续性跟踪、加大对贫困地区专项招生计划的宣传和监督力度、推进高校全方位资助育人方式以助力贫困学生全面发展,从而使贫困地区专项招生计划成为促进优质高等教育均衡发展的长效机制。

The implementation of a special enrollment plan in poverty-stricken areas is to guarantee the fairness of students’access to high-quality higher education in rural and povertystricken areas.So far,the policy has gone through a period of adjustment and stabilization.Since 2012,it has gradually formed a'National Special Plan,''Local Special Plan'and'Special Plan for Colleges and Universities.'Since the implementation of the policy,the number of students from poverty-stricken areas entering key universities has increased significantly year by year,which shows the overall effectiveness of the policy implementation.At the same time,the Special Enrollment Plan in Poverty-stricken Area still has potential room to develop.The strategies are:1)to increase the continuous tracking of students’academic and employment status,2)to enhance the publicity and supervision of Special Enrollment Plan in Povertystricken Area,and,3)to promote all-round funded education in colleges and universities to help poor students’integrated development.Accordingly,the Special Enrollment Plan in Poverty-stricken Area will become a long-term mechanism to promote the balanced development of high-quality higher education for all people.