煤巷冒顶成因分类方法及其支护对策研究

Study on cause classification method and support countermeasures of roof falling in coal drift

基于近200起煤巷冒顶事故,分析了围岩体客观存在的力学性质和结构特征,系统研究了巷道典型冒顶事故与围岩体环境之间关系,提出了以煤巷冒顶控制为目标的新的冒顶成因分类标准及方法,将煤巷冒顶分为"裂隙围岩体巷道顶板局部块体坠落型"、"弱黏结层状围岩体巷道复合顶板垮落型"、"蝶形塑性区碎裂围岩体巷道顶板冒落型"和"松散围岩体巷道顶板漏冒型"4大类。在此基础上,提出了以煤巷冒顶成因分类为基础,即普通锚杆控制局部块体坠落、常规冒顶防治方法锚索或索式树脂锚杆控制小变形层状复合顶板垮落、弹簧蓄能式锚索控制大变形蝶形塑性区碎裂顶板冒落、联合支护控制特殊条件松散顶板漏冒的冒顶控制技术体系。

Based on about 200 roof falling accidents occurred in coal drift,the paper analyzed the mechanics properties and structure features objectively existed in the surrounding rock mass,systematically studied the relationship between the typical roof falling accident of the gateway and the surrounding rock mass environment and provided the new roof falling cause classification standard and method based on coal drift roof falling control as a target. The roof fallings of coal drift were divided in to four major types of'roof local block falling of the gateway with cracking surrounding rock mass','complex roof falling of the poor binding layer surrounding rock mass','roof falling type of the breaking surrounding rock mass gateway in a butterfly plastic zone'and'roof leakage type of the loose surrounding rock mass gateway'. Based on the circumstances,the roof falling prevention and control method was provided based on the roof falling cause classification of coal drift. Thus the roof falling control technical system would be the conventional bolt to control the local block falling,the normal anchor or anchor type resin bolt to control a small deformation complex roof falling,spring energy accumulated type anchor to control a broken roof falling in the large deformation butterfly plastic zone and the combined support to control the loose roof leakage and falling under the special condition.