露天矿井采采空区安全顶板厚度及地表危险性分区研究

Research on safety roof thickness and surface risk zoning method in mined-out area of open pit coal mine

为了实现对露天矿井采采空区危险性的三维动态控制,确保过采空区期间露天采矿设备和人员的安全,以平朔矿区和平庄矿区大型露天煤矿采空区隐蔽地质灾害勘查与治理工程实践为背景,综合运用数值分析、物理模拟与现场实测相结合的方法,研究了露天矿剥采作业条件下采空区上覆岩体裂隙发育规律、围岩变形破坏规律和设备对地影响规律。通过研究,建立了基于覆岩'两带'高度与设备对地影响深度的长壁工作面采空区安全顶板厚度确定方法,提出了基于采空区平面投影边界、离层范围边界、'砌体梁'结构区内侧范围边界以及移动盆地裂缝边界的采空区地表危险性分区方法,结合各类露天采矿设备自身的特点及其对安全作业环境需求的差异性,分别确定了对应的危险性分区。

In order to realize the three-dimensional dynamic control of the risk of mined-out area in open-pit coal mine,and to ensure the safety of open pit mining equipment and personnel during the period of passing through the mined-out area,the hidden geological disaster exploration and control engineering practice in the gob of large open-pit coal mine in Pingzhuang mine area of Pingshuo mining area,the combination of numerical analysis,physical simulation and on-site measurement was used to study the development law of cracks in the overlying rock mass and the deformation and failure of surrounding rock and the influence of equipment on the ground.Through the research,a method for determining the safe roof thickness of the longwall working face mined-out area was established,based on the height of the overburden'two belts'and the influence depth of the equipment on the ground,and a surface hazard zoning method of mined-out area was also proposed,based on the gob plane projection boundary,the separation range boundary,the inner boundary of'masonry beam'structure area and the movement basin fracture boundary.Combined with the characteristics of various open-pit mining equipment and the difference of the requirements for safe operation environment,the corresponding hazard zones were determined.