煤型稀有金属矿床:成因类型、赋存状态和利用评价

Coal-hosted rare metal deposits:Genetic types,modes of occurrence,and utilization evaluation

煤和含煤岩系中稀有金属元素的研究,是当今煤地质学研究的热点问题之一。煤和含煤岩系中高度富集并可以开发利用的稀有金属元素包括锂、钪、钛、钒、镓、锗、硒、锆、铌、铪、钽、铀、稀土元素(包括镧系元素和钇)、贵金属元素等。以煤-锗、煤-镓、煤-铀、煤-铌、煤-稀土元素等煤型稀有金属矿床为例,论述了这些矿床的地质成因、赋存状态和利用评价方法。煤型稀有金属矿床的研究,不仅对研究煤层的地质成因、煤层对比、含煤盆地形成与后期改造、区域地质历史演化和突发地质事件可以提供重要的煤地球化学和煤矿物学证据,而且对煤炭经济循环发展、煤炭利用过程中环境保护,以及对国家稀有金属资源安全也具有重要的现实和社会意义。

The study on rare metals in coal and coal-bearing strata is a hot point issue in the field of coal geology.Rare metals that could be highly-enriched in coal and coal-bearing strata and thus can be industrially utilized include Li,Sc,Ti,V,Ga,Ge,Se,Zr,Nb,Hf,Ta,U,rare earth elements(lanthanides and Y),and noble metals.In this paper,the geological origin,modes of occurrence,and evaluation methods for coal-hosted rare metal deposits including Ge,Ga,U,Nb,rare earth element ore deposits are reviewed.The study on coal-hos-ted rare metal ore deposits can not only provide important evidence of coal geochemistry and coal mineralogy for coal formation origin,coal-seam correlation,coal basin formation and epigenetic deformation,regional geology-evolution,and sudden geological event,but also are practically significant for the development of coal circular economy,environmental protection during coal utilization,and for the security of national rare metal resources.