煤矿井下抽水蓄能发电新技术:原理、现状及展望

A new technology of pumped-storage power in underground coal mine: Principles,present situation and future

煤炭开采引发矿山灾害、地表沉陷、水土流失及生态环境损害等问题,但同时在地下形成了巨大的可供利用空间。全面阐述了煤矿井下抽水蓄能发电的概念与技术,对比分析了落差型、活塞抬举型、海洋浮力型和高压风储库蓄能4种非常规蓄能发电技术,指出利用废旧煤矿的开采空间(巷道及采空区)的煤矿井下抽水蓄能发电新技术具有得天独厚的优势,对我国废旧矿井重复利用、可再生能源开发和电力调蓄、矿区生态保护等提供了新思路。估算了我国废弃煤矿和现有煤矿的蓄水储能发电总量。进一步提出了煤矿地下水库、矿井水循环利用与抽水蓄能发电一体化技术构想,充分利用煤炭开采过程中形成的巨大的地下空间,实现储水、蓄能发电、矿井水循环利用和新能源开发等多重目标,并有助于控制地表沉陷、维护生态平衡,对我国可再生能源产业发展以及水资源严重短缺的西部地区煤炭开发提供重要的技术保障,并对未来现代化、生态化矿井开拓布局、节能减排、绿色开发产生深远影响。

The exploration of coal mine may induce a series of problems such as mining disaster,ground subsidence,water and soil erosion and ecological environment,while it also provide a huge and useful underground space. The concept of pumped-storage power of coal mine was presented in this paper. Four technologies of electric power generation,i. e. the drop head type,the lifting piston type,the buoyancy type and the high pressure compressed air reservoir were compared and analyzed. It was pointed that the roadway and goaf have a very exclusive advantage for electric power generation. The usage of such underground space proposes a new thought for reuse of abandoned coal mine,renewableenergy utilization,power dispatching and storage and ecological protection in mining area. The amount of electrical power generated by pumped-storage through abandoned and present coal mine was also evaluated. A few innovative theories and strategies for coal mine underground water reservoir,mine water recycling and pumped-storage power,which would be realized by making good use of the underground space caused by coal mine exploration,are proposed.These theories and strategies will also play a positive role of ground subsidence control and ecological environment,provide technical support for development of renewable energy and coal mine exploration in water-deficient areas such as western China,at the same time,and have a profound influence for modern,ecological mining layout,energy saving and emission reduction and green mining.