浅部开采尾砂膏体巷采设计与地表沉陷控制

Design of roadway mining filled by tailings paste and study on surface subsidence control in shallow seam mining

针对我国充填开采材料来源不足的问题,通过理论分析、室内实验及现场实测等方法,系统研究了尾砂膏体充填材料特性、充填工艺,进行了尾砂膏体巷采设计及地表沉陷效果分析。研究确定了尾砂膏体优化配比为水砂比1∶5,质量浓度为70%;提出了尾砂膏体巷采方案,建立了巷采充填地表沉陷模型,解决了采煤、充填、工作面通风和安全出口问题;相似材料模拟试验表明,在巷采连采连充过程中覆岩没有冒落过程,直接顶是以微裂隙和层间离层往上发育,基本顶以弯曲下沉为主;充填体密实性、变形监测及地表移动观测表明,尾砂膏体巷采对地表沉陷控制较好。研究成果在淄博市张店区沣水镇张赵煤矿102采区进行了成功应用。

In order to overcome the problems of lack of filling materials in coal mining,the tailing paste materials characteristics and filling technology were studied systematically,and the roadway design filled by tailing paste and the result of surface subsidence control were analyzed by the methods of theoretical analysis,laboratory test and field measurement. The tailing paste optimized ratio was studied that the water-sand ratio was 1 ∶ 5 and the mass concentration was 70%. The roadway mining plan filled by tailing paste was proposed,the surface subsidence model was established,and some problems such as mining,filling,ventilation and safety exits were solved systematically. Analogous material simulation experiment shows that the overlying strata show no caving process by continuous filling,the immediate roof grows through the way of micro-cracks and alienation layer upwards,the main roof mainly shows curved sinking. The study demonstrates that the roadway mining by tailings paste is the best way to control surface subsidence by the density of back-filling body,deformation monitoring and movement observation on the ground. Research results have been successfully applied at No. 102 mining zone in Zhangzhao Coal Mine,and it provides a reference case for similar coal mining conditions.